Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Green shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Green offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Green at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Green? Wrong! If the Green is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Green then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Green? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Green and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Green wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Green then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Green site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Green, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Green, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{User:PaleAqua/Sandbox1|title=Green|pic=| hex= 00FF00|r= 0|g=255|b= 0 |
c=Not|m=possible|y=in|k=CMYK|
h=120|s=100|v=100
|source=Web color#X11 color list-->
Green is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a
wavelength of roughly 520–570
Nanometre. It is considered one of the additive color primary colors. On the HSV color space, the Complementary color of green is magenta; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples). On a color wheel based on traditional color theory (RYB), the complementary color to green is considered to be red. Glossary Term: Color wheel
In English, the word
green is closely related to the Old English verb
growan, “to grow”. It is used to describe plants or the ocean. Sometimes it can also describe someone who is inexperienced, jealous, or sick. In America,
green is a slang term for money, among other things. Several colloquialisms have derived from these meanings, such as “green around the gills”, a phrase used to describe a person who looks ill.
Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content. Animals such as frogs, lizards, and other reptiles and amphibians, fish, insects, and birds, appear green because of a mixture of layers of blue and green coloring on their skin. By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesis. Many animals have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage.
In human culture, green has broad, even contradictory meanings. In some cultures, for example, it symbolizes hope, while in others, it is associated with death, sickness, or even the
devil. The most common associations, however, are found in its ties to nature. Islam, for example, venerates the color, as it expects paradise to be full of lush greenery. Culturally, it is also associated with growth, regeneration, fertility and rebirth for its connections to nature. Recent political groups have taken on the color as symbol of environmental protection and social justice, and consider themselves part of the green movement, some even naming themselves
green party. This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly, products.
Etymology and definitions
The word
green comes from the Old English word
grene, or, in its older form,
groeni. This adjective is closely related to the Old English verb
growan (“to grow’) and goes back into Western Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Online Etymology Dictionary The word designates the color on the visible light electromagnetic spectrum situated between blue and yellow. It is often used to describe foliage and the sea, and has become a symbol of
environmentalism. It also is combined with other color names to increase specificity, as in “blue-green”, or with objects, as in “emerald green”. Green is also used to describe jealousy and envy, as well as anyone young, inexperienced, or gullible (probably by analogy to unripe, i.e. unready or immature, fruit).http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/green Lastly, green can communicate safety to proceed, as in
traffic lights.Oxford English Dictionary Overall, greens, along with blues and purples, are frequently described as “cool” colors, in contrast to red and yellow. Some languages have no word separating green from blue (see
blue-green across cultures).
The word green is found in several colloquial phrases connected to these meanings. For example, in
golf, the region of
grass around the hole is trimmed short—it is referred to as the
putting green, or simply, the
green. Someone who works well with plants is said to have a
green thumb, a physically-ill person is said to look
green around the gills, and the word
greenhorn refers to an inexperienced person. A company is
greenwashing if they advertise positive environmental practices to cover up environmental destruction.The article on greenwashing discusses several examples.
Green is the color of United States
banknotes, giving rise to the slang term
greenback for cash. Therefore, in areas that use the
U.S. Dollar as currency, green carries a connotation of money, wealth, and capitalism. One of the more notable uses of this meaning is found in
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In this story is the Emerald City, where everyone wears tinted glasses to which make everything look green. The City’s color is used by the author,
L. Frank Baum, to illustrate the financial system of America in his day, as he lived in a time when America was debating the use of paper money versus gold.Carruthers, Bruce G.; Sarah Babb. "The Color of Money and the Nature of Value: Greenbacks and Gold in Postbellum America."
The American Journal of Sociology. (May 1996) 101.6 pgs. 1556-1591
In science
is responsible for the green color in plants. This lemon will gradually turn
yellow as it ripens.
Color vision and colorimetry
Humans have color receptors in their eyes called
cone cells, of three different types. In some cases, one type is missing or faulty, which can cause color blindness, including the common inability to distinguish red and yellow from green, known as deuteranopia or red–green color blindness.The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2002. ISBN 0852297874 Green is restful to the eye. Studies show that a green environment can reduce fatigue.Laird, Donald A. "Fatigue: Public Enemy Number One: What It Is and How to Fight It." The American Journal of Nursing (Sep 1933) 33.9 pgs. 835-841.
The perception of green is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a
wavelength of roughly 520–570
Nanometre. The sensitivity of the dark-adapted human eye is greatest at about 507 nm, a blue-green color, while the light-adapted eye is most sensitive about 555 nm, a slightly yellowish green; these are the peak locations of the rod and cone (scotopic and photopic, respectively)
luminosity functions.
Green is considered one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue. Additive combination of primary colors can produce most colors. In subtractive color mixtures, green is created by mixing yellow and blue pigments or dyes. On the
HSV color space, the
Complementary color of green is magenta; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples). On a traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be
red. Glossary Term: Color wheel
Green in minerals
Among the more famous green minerals is the
emerald, which is colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr, & Kammerling, Robert C., 1991,
Gemology, p. 203, John Wiley & Sons, New York Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3), is called chrome green or institutional green when used as a pigment.A. F. Holleman and E. Wiberg "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press, 2001, New York. For many years, the source of
amazonite's color was a mystery. Naturally, many people assumed the color was due to copper because copper compounds often have blue and green colors. More recent studies suggest that the blue-green color results from small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar.
Green in biology
Green is common in nature, especially in
plants. Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in
photosynthesis. Some animals are green: these include some frogs,
toads, some
turtles, some lizards and amphibians, some snakes, some birds such as
parrots,
caterpillars and some insects such as
praying mantids.
Green algae and green
plankton are important food sources at the bottom of the food chain. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be effected by the environment surrounding. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates, such as insects or mollusks, often display green colors because of Porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are
flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Animals typically use the color green as
camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Humans have mimicked this by wearing green clothing as a camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include
biliverdin, the green pigment in bile, and ceruloplasmin, a
protein that carries
copper ions in chelation.
and the Devil" by Michael Pacher, the Devil is green. Poets such as
Chaucer also drew connections between the color green and the devil.Robertson, D. W. Jr. "Why the Devil Wears Green."
Modern Language Notes. (Nov 1954) 69.7 pgs. 470-472
Green in human culture
In English folklore and literature, green has traditionally been used to symbolize nature and its embodied attributes, namely those of fertility and rebirth. Stories of the medieval period further portray it as representing loveChamberlin, Vernon A. “Symbolic Green: A Time-Honored Characterizing Device in Spanish Literature.”
Hispania. 51.1 (Mar 1968) pp. 29-37 and the base, natural desires of man.Goldhurst, William. “The Green and the Gold: The Major Theme of Gawain and the Green Knight.”
College English. 20.2 (Nov 1958) pp. 61-65 doi:10.2307/372161 Green is also known to have signified
witchcraft, devilry and evil for its association with faeries and spirits of early
English folklore. It also had an association with decay and toxicity.Williams, Margaret. The Pearl Poet, His Complete Works. Random House, 1967. The color, when combined with gold, is seen as representing the fading away of youth.Lewis, John S. "Gawain and the Green Knight."
College English. 21.1 (Oct 1959) pp. 50-51 In the Celtic mythology, green was avoided in clothing for its superstitious association with misfortune and death.
The Idea of the Green Knight, Lawrence Besserman, ELH, Vol. 53, No. 2. (Summer, 1986), pp. 219-239. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Why The Devil Wears Green, D. W. Robertson Jr., Modern Language Notes, Vol. 69, No. 7. (Nov., 1954), pp. 470-472. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Green is thought to be an unlucky color in British and British-derived cultures, Folklore and Symbolism of Green by John Hutchings in
Folklore, 1997, 108:55. Retrieved April 3, 2007. where green cars, wedding dresses, and theatre costumes are all the objects of superstition.“ Green is an unlucky color for automobiles”, Snopes.com, February 27, 2007. Retrieved April 3, 2007. In
high schools in the United States during the
1960s, it was widely believed that if someone wore green on Thursdays, it meant that they were Homosexuality. Grahn, Judy
Another Mother Tongue. New York: 1990. Beacon Press. This book discusses the origins of this curious belief.
, colors approximated for screen displayGreen is a symbol of
Ireland, which is often referred to as the “Emerald Isle”. The color is particularly identified with the Fianna Fáil and
nationalist traditions in modern times. It is used this way on the flag of the Republic of Ireland, in balance with
white and the Protestant
orange (colour). Guidelines for Use of the National Flag (Rich Text Format), published by the Irish Government.
Document retrieved 11 December 2006 Green is a strong trend in the Irish holiday Saint Patrick's Day.http://www.ottawaplus.ca/feature/st_patrick/103/history_lore.jsp
In Western culture the color green is often used as a symbol of sickness and/or nausea. However in many Latin cultures green portrays health and growth and illness is associated more with red. In Dante Alighieri’s
Divine Comedy, green is the color used to symbolize Hope (virtue). Green is one of the
Christmas colors, usually with
red and sometimes also with
white and
gold (color) and/or
silver (color).
In popular western culture, green is often depicted as a skin discoloration or unusual pigmentation. For example,
cartoons and
animation often show a character as being sick with a green face. Following this convention, Mr. Yuk was conceived in 1971 as the mascot for the
poison center at the
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Relatedly,
little green men are the stereotypical portrayal of extraterrestrials as little humanoid-like creatures with green skin and antennae on their heads. The color is also sometimes associated with gremlins, mythical creatures known for causing problems in airplanes and mechanical devices.
In
Thailand, Green is associated with Wednesday on the
Thai solar calendar. Anyone may wear green on Wednesdays, and anyone born on a Wednesday may adopt green as their color. Thai language, however, is one of the languages that has had trouble in Distinguishing blue from green in language, though recently published dictionaries do make the distinction. () besides meaning Green also means rank and smelly and other unpleasant associations.http://english-thai-dictionary.com/index.php?PHPSESSID=4f45ab7ea8c50b85369a44a3453bdb91& In
Ancient China, green was the symbol of East and Wood, one of the main five colors. The Chinese term for “cuckold” is sounds similar to the Chinese for “wearing a green hat”. It is because of this that it is extremely rare to see any Chinese men wearing a green hat.http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/26365
Nationality and Politics
Green has become the symbolic color of
environmentalism, chosen for its association with nature, health, and growth. The Green Party is any of various political parties emphasizing environmental protection, grassroots
democracy,
pacifism, and
social justice (collectively called “green politics”). Green Parties, now active in over one hundred countries, are more broadly included in the
green movement, and most are members of the
Global Greens, which has united them under a common
Global Green Charter.
The Pan-Green Coalition in
Taiwan received its color from the Democratic Progressive Party, who used it to promote the environment.
Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople is often referred to as the “Green Patriarch” because of the support he has caused the Ecumenical Patriarchate to place for maintenance and protection of the environment.
Several countries use green on their flags for symbolic or cultural reasons. Green, for example is one of the three colors (along with gold and black) of
Pan-Africanism. Several African countries thus use the color on their flags, including South Africa,
Ghana,
Senegal,
Mali,
Ethiopia, Togo,
Guinea, Benin, and Zimbabwe. The Pan-African colours are borrowed from the Ethiopian flag, one of the oldest independent African countries. Green in these cases represents the natural richness of Africa.pg. 135 ISBN 1566395844
Flags
- In heraldry, green is called vert (French for “green”). Fourteenth century documents describe vert as a symbol of “jolliness and youth, but also of beauty and shame” as well as of death. Vert is used for the flags of Wales and Hungary, and is the basis for the Brazilian flag as well.pgs. 289-290 ISBN 0801862396Brault, Gerard J. (1997). Early Blazon: Heraldic Terminology in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, (2nd ed.). Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-711-4.
- Green and yellow are colors of Jamaica, Lithuania
- Green and white are the colors of Nigeria.
- Green, white, and red are the colors of Mexico, Bulgaria, Italy, and Wales.
- A pattern of green, white, and orange is also seen in Niger and Côte d'Ivoire.
- Green is the symbol of the Esperanto language. The color is particularly associated with the green star, and is seen too on the Esperanto flag.
Religion and philosophy
Green is considered the traditional color of Islam, likewise because of its association with nature. This is for several reasons. First, Muhammad is reliably quoted in a
hadith as saying that “
water, greenery, and a beautiful face” were three universally good things. In the Qur'an, sura
Al-Insan, believers in
Allah in
Paradise wear fine green silk. Sura 76, The Human (Al-Insaan) Quran The Final Testament, translated by Rashad Khalifa, Ph.D. Sura 18, The Cave (Al-Kahf) Quran The Final Testament, translated by Rashad Khalifa, Ph.D. Also,
Al-Khidr (“The Green One”), is a
Qur’anic figure who met and traveled with
Moses. The flag of
Hamas, as well as the
flag of Iran, is green, symbolising their
Islamism ideology. The
flag of Libya is green as well, the only current national flag of a single color.
In the metaphysics of the
New Age Prophetess, Alice A. Bailey, in her system called the Seven Rays which classifies
humans into seven different metaphysical personality types, the
third ray of
creative intelligence is represented by the color
green. People who have this metaphysical personality type are said to be
on the Green Ray. In
Hinduism, Green is used to symbolically represent the fourth, heart chakra (Anahata). Psychics who claim to be able to observe the Aura (paranormal) with their
third eye report that someone with a green aura is typically someone who is in an
profession related to health, such as a physician or nurse, as well as people who are lovers of
nature and the outdoors. Swami Panchadasi
The Human Aura: Astral Colors and Thought Forms Des Plaines, Illinois, USA:1912--Yogi Publications Society Page 35
In the
Roman Catholic church, green is a traditional color of the sacred science of canon law. Also,
Roman Catholic clergy wear green vestments at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary Time. In the Eastern Catholic Church, green is the
color of
Pentecost.
Green pigments
Food colorings
- Chlorophyll (E140 and E141)
- Quinoline (E104)
- Green S (E142), in countries where it is permitted
Notes and references
See also
- Color
- Color vision
- Blue-green across cultures, which discusses linguistic and cultural differences in the conception of green and blue.
- List of colors
External links
- All About the Color Green
{{User:PaleAqua/Sandbox1|title=Green|pic=| hex= 00FF00|r= 0|g=255|b= 0 |
c=Not|m=possible|y=in|k=CMYK|
h=120|s=100|v=100
|source=
Web color#X11 color list-->
Green is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a
wavelength of roughly 520–570
Nanometre. It is considered one of the
additive color primary colors. On the
HSV color space, the
Complementary color of green is
magenta; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples). On a color wheel based on traditional color theory (RYB), the complementary color to green is considered to be
red. Glossary Term: Color wheel
In English, the word
green is closely related to the Old English verb
growan, “to grow”. It is used to describe plants or the ocean. Sometimes it can also describe someone who is inexperienced, jealous, or sick. In America,
green is a slang term for money, among other things. Several colloquialisms have derived from these meanings, such as “green around the gills”, a phrase used to describe a person who looks ill.
Several
minerals have a green color, including the
emerald, which is colored green by its
chromium content. Animals such as frogs, lizards, and other reptiles and amphibians, fish, insects, and birds, appear green because of a mixture of layers of blue and green coloring on their skin. By far the largest contributor to green in nature is
chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesis. Many animals have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as
camouflage.
In human culture, green has broad, even contradictory meanings. In some cultures, for example, it symbolizes hope, while in others, it is associated with death, sickness, or even the devil. The most common associations, however, are found in its ties to nature.
Islam, for example, venerates the color, as it expects paradise to be full of lush greenery. Culturally, it is also associated with growth, regeneration, fertility and rebirth for its connections to nature. Recent political groups have taken on the color as symbol of environmental protection and social justice, and consider themselves part of the
green movement, some even naming themselves
green party. This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly, products.
Etymology and definitions
The word
green comes from the
Old English word
grene, or, in its older form,
groeni. This adjective is closely related to the Old English verb
growan (“to grow’) and goes back into Western Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Online Etymology Dictionary The word designates the color on the visible light
electromagnetic spectrum situated between blue and yellow. It is often used to describe foliage and the sea, and has become a symbol of environmentalism. It also is combined with other color names to increase specificity, as in “blue-green”, or with objects, as in “emerald green”. Green is also used to describe jealousy and envy, as well as anyone young, inexperienced, or gullible (probably by analogy to unripe, i.e. unready or immature, fruit).http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/green Lastly, green can communicate safety to proceed, as in
traffic lights.Oxford English Dictionary Overall, greens, along with blues and purples, are frequently described as “cool” colors, in contrast to red and yellow. Some languages have no word separating green from blue (see
blue-green across cultures).
The word green is found in several colloquial phrases connected to these meanings. For example, in
golf, the region of
grass around the hole is trimmed short—it is referred to as the
putting green, or simply, the
green. Someone who works well with plants is said to have a
green thumb, a physically-ill person is said to look
green around the gills, and the word
greenhorn refers to an inexperienced person. A company is
greenwashing if they advertise positive environmental practices to cover up environmental destruction.The article on greenwashing discusses several examples.
Green is the color of
United States banknotes, giving rise to the slang term
greenback for cash. Therefore, in areas that use the
U.S. Dollar as currency, green carries a connotation of money, wealth, and capitalism. One of the more notable uses of this meaning is found in
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In this story is the
Emerald City, where everyone wears tinted glasses to which make everything look green. The City’s color is used by the author,
L. Frank Baum, to illustrate the financial system of America in his day, as he lived in a time when America was debating the use of paper money versus gold.Carruthers, Bruce G.; Sarah Babb. "The Color of Money and the Nature of Value: Greenbacks and Gold in Postbellum America."
The American Journal of Sociology. (May 1996) 101.6 pgs. 1556-1591
In science
is responsible for the green color in plants. This lemon will gradually turn yellow as it ripens.
Color vision and colorimetry
Humans have color receptors in their eyes called
cone cells, of three different types. In some cases, one type is missing or faulty, which can cause color blindness, including the common inability to distinguish red and yellow from green, known as
deuteranopia or red–green color blindness.The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2002. ISBN 0852297874 Green is restful to the eye. Studies show that a green environment can reduce fatigue.Laird, Donald A. "Fatigue: Public Enemy Number One: What It Is and How to Fight It." The American Journal of Nursing (Sep 1933) 33.9 pgs. 835-841.
The
perception of green is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 520–570
Nanometre. The sensitivity of the dark-adapted human eye is greatest at about 507 nm, a blue-green color, while the light-adapted eye is most sensitive about 555 nm, a slightly yellowish green; these are the peak locations of the rod and cone (scotopic and photopic, respectively) luminosity functions.
Green is considered one of the additive
primary colors, along with red and blue. Additive combination of primary colors can produce most colors. In subtractive color mixtures, green is created by mixing yellow and blue pigments or dyes. On the HSV color space, the
Complementary color of green is magenta; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of
red and blue light (one of the purples). On a traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be red. Glossary Term: Color wheel
Green in minerals
Among the more famous green minerals is the
emerald, which is colored green by trace amounts of
chromium and sometimes vanadium. Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr, & Kammerling, Robert C., 1991,
Gemology, p. 203, John Wiley & Sons, New York Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3), is called chrome green or institutional green when used as a pigment.A. F. Holleman and E. Wiberg "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press, 2001, New York. For many years, the source of
amazonite's color was a mystery. Naturally, many people assumed the color was due to copper because copper compounds often have blue and green colors. More recent studies suggest that the blue-green color results from small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar.
Green in biology
Green is common in nature, especially in plants. Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in
photosynthesis. Some
animals are green: these include some frogs, toads, some
turtles, some lizards and
amphibians, some
snakes, some birds such as
parrots,
caterpillars and some insects such as
praying mantids. Green algae and green plankton are important food sources at the bottom of the food chain. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be effected by the environment surrounding. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates, such as insects or mollusks, often display green colors because of
Porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are
flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Animals typically use the color green as camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Humans have mimicked this by wearing green clothing as a camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include
biliverdin, the green pigment in
bile, and
ceruloplasmin, a
protein that carries
copper ions in
chelation.
and the Devil" by Michael Pacher, the
Devil is green. Poets such as Chaucer also drew connections between the color green and the devil.Robertson, D. W. Jr. "Why the Devil Wears Green."
Modern Language Notes. (Nov 1954) 69.7 pgs. 470-472
Green in human culture
In English folklore and literature, green has traditionally been used to symbolize nature and its embodied attributes, namely those of fertility and rebirth. Stories of the medieval period further portray it as representing loveChamberlin, Vernon A. “Symbolic Green: A Time-Honored Characterizing Device in Spanish Literature.”
Hispania. 51.1 (Mar 1968) pp. 29-37 and the base, natural desires of man.Goldhurst, William. “The Green and the Gold: The Major Theme of Gawain and the Green Knight.”
College English. 20.2 (Nov 1958) pp. 61-65 doi:10.2307/372161 Green is also known to have signified witchcraft, devilry and evil for its association with
faeries and spirits of early English folklore. It also had an association with decay and toxicity.Williams, Margaret. The Pearl Poet, His Complete Works. Random House, 1967. The color, when combined with gold, is seen as representing the fading away of youth.Lewis, John S. "Gawain and the Green Knight."
College English. 21.1 (Oct 1959) pp. 50-51 In the Celtic mythology, green was avoided in clothing for its superstitious association with misfortune and death.
The Idea of the Green Knight, Lawrence Besserman, ELH, Vol. 53, No. 2. (Summer, 1986), pp. 219-239. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Why The Devil Wears Green, D. W. Robertson Jr., Modern Language Notes, Vol. 69, No. 7. (Nov., 1954), pp. 470-472. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Green is thought to be an unlucky color in British and British-derived cultures, Folklore and Symbolism of Green by John Hutchings in
Folklore, 1997, 108:55. Retrieved April 3, 2007. where green cars, wedding dresses, and theatre costumes are all the objects of superstition.“ Green is an unlucky color for automobiles”, Snopes.com, February 27, 2007. Retrieved April 3, 2007. In
high schools in the
United States during the
1960s, it was widely believed that if someone wore green on Thursdays, it meant that they were Homosexuality. Grahn, Judy
Another Mother Tongue. New York: 1990. Beacon Press. This book discusses the origins of this curious belief.
, colors approximated for screen displayGreen is a symbol of Ireland, which is often referred to as the “Emerald Isle”. The color is particularly identified with the
Fianna Fáil and nationalist traditions in modern times. It is used this way on the flag of the Republic of Ireland, in balance with
white and the Protestant
orange (colour). Guidelines for Use of the National Flag (Rich Text Format), published by the Irish Government.
Document retrieved 11 December 2006 Green is a strong trend in the Irish holiday Saint Patrick's Day.http://www.ottawaplus.ca/feature/st_patrick/103/history_lore.jsp
In Western culture the color green is often used as a symbol of sickness and/or nausea. However in many Latin cultures green portrays health and growth and illness is associated more with red. In Dante Alighieri’s
Divine Comedy, green is the color used to symbolize
Hope (virtue). Green is one of the
Christmas colors, usually with
red and sometimes also with white and gold (color) and/or
silver (color).
In popular western culture, green is often depicted as a skin discoloration or unusual pigmentation. For example,
cartoons and
animation often show a character as being sick with a green face. Following this convention, Mr. Yuk was conceived in 1971 as the mascot for the
poison center at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Relatedly,
little green men are the stereotypical portrayal of extraterrestrials as little humanoid-like creatures with green skin and antennae on their heads. The color is also sometimes associated with gremlins, mythical creatures known for causing problems in airplanes and mechanical devices.
In Thailand, Green is associated with Wednesday on the Thai solar calendar. Anyone may wear green on Wednesdays, and anyone born on a Wednesday may adopt green as their color. Thai language, however, is one of the languages that has had trouble in
Distinguishing blue from green in language, though recently published dictionaries do make the distinction. () besides meaning Green also means rank and smelly and other unpleasant associations.http://english-thai-dictionary.com/index.php?PHPSESSID=4f45ab7ea8c50b85369a44a3453bdb91& In
Ancient China, green was the symbol of East and Wood, one of the main five colors. The Chinese term for “cuckold” is sounds similar to the Chinese for “wearing a green hat”. It is because of this that it is extremely rare to see any Chinese men wearing a green hat.http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/26365
Nationality and Politics
Green has become the symbolic color of environmentalism, chosen for its association with nature, health, and growth. The
Green Party is any of various political parties emphasizing environmental protection, grassroots
democracy,
pacifism, and
social justice (collectively called “green politics”). Green Parties, now active in over one hundred countries, are more broadly included in the
green movement, and most are members of the Global Greens, which has united them under a common Global Green Charter.
The
Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan received its color from the Democratic Progressive Party, who used it to promote the environment.
Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople is often referred to as the “Green Patriarch” because of the support he has caused the Ecumenical Patriarchate to place for maintenance and protection of the environment.
Several countries use green on their flags for symbolic or cultural reasons. Green, for example is one of the three colors (along with gold and black) of
Pan-Africanism. Several African countries thus use the color on their flags, including
South Africa,
Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Ethiopia,
Togo,
Guinea, Benin, and
Zimbabwe. The Pan-African colours are borrowed from the Ethiopian flag, one of the oldest independent African countries. Green in these cases represents the natural richness of Africa.pg. 135 ISBN 1566395844
Flags
- In heraldry, green is called vert (French for “green”). Fourteenth century documents describe vert as a symbol of “jolliness and youth, but also of beauty and shame” as well as of death. Vert is used for the flags of Wales and Hungary, and is the basis for the Brazilian flag as well.pgs. 289-290 ISBN 0801862396Brault, Gerard J. (1997). Early Blazon: Heraldic Terminology in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, (2nd ed.). Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-711-4.
- Green and yellow are colors of Jamaica, Lithuania
- Green and white are the colors of Nigeria.
- Green, white, and red are the colors of Mexico, Bulgaria, Italy, and Wales.
- A pattern of green, white, and orange is also seen in Niger and Côte d'Ivoire.
- Green is the symbol of the Esperanto language. The color is particularly associated with the green star, and is seen too on the Esperanto flag.
Religion and philosophy
Green is considered the traditional color of
Islam, likewise because of its association with nature. This is for several reasons. First, Muhammad is reliably quoted in a hadith as saying that “
water, greenery, and a beautiful face” were three universally good things. In the Qur'an,
sura Al-Insan, believers in Allah in Paradise wear fine green
silk. Sura 76, The Human (Al-Insaan) Quran The Final Testament, translated by Rashad Khalifa, Ph.D. Sura 18, The Cave (Al-Kahf) Quran The Final Testament, translated by Rashad Khalifa, Ph.D. Also, Al-Khidr (“The Green One”), is a Qur’anic figure who met and traveled with Moses. The flag of Hamas, as well as the flag of Iran, is green, symbolising their Islamism ideology. The flag of Libya is green as well, the only current national flag of a single color.
In the
metaphysics of the
New Age Prophetess,
Alice A. Bailey, in her system called the Seven Rays which classifies
humans into seven different metaphysical personality types, the
third ray of
creative intelligence is represented by the color
green. People who have this metaphysical personality type are said to be
on the Green Ray. In
Hinduism, Green is used to symbolically represent the fourth, heart chakra (
Anahata). Psychics who claim to be able to observe the Aura (paranormal) with their third eye report that someone with a green aura is typically someone who is in an
profession related to
health, such as a
physician or
nurse, as well as people who are lovers of nature and the outdoors.
Swami Panchadasi The Human Aura: Astral Colors and Thought Forms Des Plaines, Illinois, USA:1912--Yogi Publications Society Page 35
In the Roman Catholic church, green is a traditional color of the sacred science of
canon law. Also,
Roman Catholic clergy wear green
vestments at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary Time. In the
Eastern Catholic Church, green is the
color of Pentecost.
Green pigments
Food colorings
- Chlorophyll (E140 and E141)
- Quinoline (E104)
- Green S (E142), in countries where it is permitted
Notes and references
See also
- Color
- Color vision
- Blue-green across cultures, which discusses linguistic and cultural differences in the conception of green and blue.
- List of colors
External links
- All About the Color Green
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